After a protracted legal process lasting close to three years, Rwanda on August 8th, 2025, welcomed back Francois Gasana, alias Franky Dusabe, a convicted genocide fugitive, following his extradition from Norway. The handover will be an important turning point in Rwanda’s ongoing efforts to bring justice to perpetrators of the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi.
The National Public Prosecution Authority (NPPA) confirmed that Gasana, sentenced in absentia by a Gacaca court in 2007, arrived in Kigali on an Ethiopian Airlines flight. Gasana landed at Kigali International Airport, visibly stunned by his surroundings. He complied as Rwandan prosecutors and security officers took him into custody.
Born in 1972 in Bitabage Cell, Ndaro Sector of Ngororero District in Rwanda’s Western Province, Gasana was just 22 years old during the genocide. At the time, he was a student at SAVE Secondary School. The Nyange Gacaca Court found him guilty of participating in the genocide, sentencing him to 19 years’ imprisonment. However, Gasana had fled Rwanda and lived under an assumed identity in Norway.
His arrest in Oslo in October 2022 by Norway’s criminal investigations division (Kripos) followed an extensive investigation. The case quickly drew international attention as one of the most high-profile genocide extradition cases involving a European country in recent years.
A Lengthy Legal Odyssey
The extradition process was fiercely contested by Gasana. After the Oslo District Court ruled in September 2023 that he could be extradited, Gasana appealed to the Court of Appeal, which upheld the ruling in April 2024. Undeterred, he petitioned the Norwegian Supreme Court in June 2024, but the highest court also denied his appeal.
Finally, in February 2025, the Norwegian Ministry of Justice gave the green light for extradition, a decision endorsed by Norway’s Council of Ministers. On June 27, police officials confirmed Gasana’s imminent transfer to Rwanda.
The NPPA issued a statement lauding Norway’s cooperation and commitment to international justice, emphasizing the importance of cross-border collaboration in fighting impunity for genocide crimes.
Looking Ahead
Gasana will serve his 19-year sentence upon arrival, but Rwandan authorities may file additional charges, potentially delaying the start of his imprisonment. More than three decades after the genocide, Rwanda continues to pursue suspects living abroad and urges further international cooperation to ensure accountability.
Several extradition requests remain pending worldwide, making Gasana’s case, the first from Norway, a landmark in judicial cooperation between Rwanda and European states.
Parallel International Justice: The Case of Ayaba Cho in Norway
While Rwanda marks a victory in the Gasana extradition, another high-profile legal battle unfolds in Norway involving Dr. Lucas Ayaba Cho, a prominent leader of the Ambazonia Governing Council.
Authorities have detained Ayaba Cho in Oslo since his arrest in September 2024, charging him with incitement to commit crimes against humanity in Cameroon. The Norwegian courts have repeatedly extended his pretrial detention amid complex legal arguments about jurisdiction and the status of Ambazonia.
His case, emblematic of challenges surrounding non-state actors and international law, continues to provoke debate on accountability for armed conflicts and separatist movements. Norway’s willingness to prosecute or extradite individuals linked to such charges signals growing international resolve to hold leaders accountable, regardless of where they reside.
